Research on the spatial effect of digital economy development on urban carbon reduction.

Cities are one of the main sources of regional carbon emissions, and reducing urban carbon emission is the key to reducing emissions. The digital economy has transformed the economic operation mode, and it is a significant approach to support the "dual carbon goals" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality). This article considers the externalities of the digital economy and carbon emissions. And we use spatial econometric models to analyze the effectiveness of digital economy in empowering carbon emissions reduction. Besides, we explore the static and dynamic spillover effects, and use spatial Durbin panel quantile model to analyze the digital economy's heterogeneity on carbon emissions. Research has shown that the digital economy has a remarkable carbon reduction effect, and the conclusion remains valid after considering robustness tests such as replacing the weight matrices, calculation methods, and proxy variables. The analysis of static and dynamic spillover effects indicates that the degree of the digital economy's impact on carbon emissions are significantly different. Heterogeneity analysis shows that as the digital economy develops from a low level to a high level, its impact on carbon emissions also shifts from positive promotion to negative suppression. This paper proposes a policy reference to help the development of digital economy and promote carbon neutrality in the face of severe environmental challenges.

The impact of the digital economy on creative industries development: Empirical evidence based on the China.

Digital economy has become a "new engine" that driving global economic growth. Nevertheless, numerous controversies persist regarding whether and how digital economy can facilitate the development of emerging industries. Thus, this paper investigates how digital economy affects creative industries development in China and whether innovation efficiency mediates this relationship. Drawing upon a panel data set containing 29 Chinese provinces from 2012 to 2019, an econometric model is constructed for empirical analysis. We find that digital economy significantly promotes creative industries development, and innovation efficiency plays a partial mediating role between digital economy and creative industries development. According to the influence mechanism, the digital economy of various regions could promote the creative industries development by improving the innovation efficiency. Finally, relevant suggestions were put forward from the expanding application paths, improving regional innovation efficiency, and creating an innovative environment.

Can fintech pave the way for a transition towards low-carbon economy? Examination based on machine learning algorithm.

Realizing the coordination between the economic and environmental systems through a green growth model is an important goal for China to enter the high-quality development stage. Meanwhile, financial technology (fintech) is rapidly developing in China. To explore the relationship between the two, this research uses panel data from 276 cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically tests through constructing econometric models and machine learning algorithms. The empirical result shows that fintech has an impact on green growth. Specifically, there is a U-shaped relationship between fintech and green growth, meaning that before a certain stage, fintech may have a certain inhibitory effect on green growth. After fintech exceeds a certain development level, it will promote the improvement of green growth. Further mediation tests show that innovation plays a mediating role in the impact of fintech on green growth. Additionally, this research also conducts consistency tests based on different criteria including the location, scale, and financial development level of cities. Based on the research findings, policy suggestions are proposed in this paper to promote the development of fintech and stimulate the growth of the green economy. Overall, our research sheds more light on the fintech-green growth linkage and provides new insights into comprehending the role of fintech in advancing towards a low-carbon economy.

Can the integration of sports and health industries drive the upgrade of the sports industry?-An empirical study based on Chinese-style modernization.

BACKGROUND: In the course of China's modernization, the sports industry's advancement plays a dual role in enhancing national health and driving economic transformation. The integration and coalescence of the sports and health sectors have emerged as pivotal avenues for the structural elevation of China's sports industry. Hence, empirically scrutinizing the influential mechanisms and outcomes of sports and health industry integration on the sports industry's structural enhancement holds substantial practical significance. METHOD: This study formulates theoretical hypotheses regarding the impact mechanism of sports and health industry integration on the sports industry's sophisticated industrial structure. Drawing insights from literature review and categorization, three dimensions-industrial integration, government role, and market mechanism-are delineated. Employing panel data spanning 2015 to 2020 from four primary Chinese cities, an econometric model is devised to empirically dissect the influence of sports and health industry integration on the sports industry's structural advancement. FINDINGS: The three pivotal explanatory variables-integration of sports and health industries, government role, and market mechanism-exert a positive influence on the sports industry's sophisticated industrial structure. Notably, the impact of market mechanisms outweighs that of government roles, with government roles exhibiting comparatively weaker individual impact effects. CONCLUSION: The dynamic development process characterizing the structural advancement of China's sports industry in first-tier cities exhibits positive and sustained developmental traits, with discernible convergence in trends. While market mechanisms demonstrate a more immediate and pronounced direct promotional effect than government roles, the enduring influence of government roles over an extended timeframe is evident from a dynamic long-term development perspective. Building upon these findings, the study suggests relevant stakeholders foster advanced sports industry structures by: refining the integration system of sports and health industries; fortifying the fundamental role of market mechanisms; and fully leveraging the government's impact in promoting sports and health industry integration.

Research on the dynamic mechanism of digital economy system coupling to enhance urban ecological resilience.

Urban ecological environment resilience is an important characteristic that should be possessed in the process of urban development. It is conducive to coping with the challenges of multiple risks and disturbances such as climate change, resolving chronic pressure, improving the ability to resist disaster risk, self-adjustment, and recovery, to maintain the structure and function stability of the urban system. The digital economy is a new economic form caused by the new technological revolution, which may effectively promote economic ecology and ecological economization. We clarify the elements of the digital economic system, construct the coupling evaluation index system of "digital infrastructure-industrial digitization-digital industrialization," and establish the coupling degree model to analyze the characteristics of the integration interaction, coordination, and self-organization of the digital economy subsystem. Based on emergency management theory, adaptive management concept, and resilient city theory, an evaluation index system is constructed from four levels of prevention, resistance, adaptation, and recovery to measure urban ecological resilience. Taking 278 cities in China from 2011 to 2021 as the research object, we established a spatial econometric model to explore the dynamic mechanism of digital economy system composition and coupling coordination to enhance urban resilience and summarize the theoretical model form. Based on this, we further propose countermeasures and suggestions for improving urban ecological resilience by using a digital economic system.

Which model is more efficient in carbon emission prediction research? A comparative study of deep learning models, machine learning models, and econometric models.

Accurately predicting future carbon emissions is of great significance for the government to scientifically promote carbon emission reduction policies. Among the current technologies for forecasting carbon emissions, the most prominent ones are econometric models and deep learning, but few works have systematically compared and analyzed the forecasting performance of the methods. Therefore, the paper makes a comparison for deep learning model, machine learning model, and the econometric model to demonstrate whether deep learning is an efficient method for carbon emission prediction research. In model mechanism, neural network for deep learning refers to an information processing model established by simulating biological neural system, and the model can be further extended through bionic characteristics. So the paper further optimizes the model from the perspective of bionics and proposes an innovative deep learning model based on the memory behavior mechanism of group creatures. Comparison results show that the prediction accuracy of the heuristic neural network is higher than that of the econometric model. Through in-depth analysis, the heuristic neural network is more suitable for predicting future carbon emissions, while the econometric model is more suitable for clarifying the impact of influencing factors on carbon emissions.

Can the construction of a high-speed rail alleviate haze pollution: an empirical analysis based on social networks and dynamic spatial econometric models.

With the increase in haze pollution in Chinese cities, answering the question of whether using a high-speed rail (HSR) as a green and efficient transportation system can alleviate haze pollution in China has become a research hotspot. This study empirically tests the impact of HSR network construction on haze pollution and its spatial spillover effects. (1) The construction of a HSR would have a mitigation effect on haze pollution in node cities and surrounding cities, and the more developed the HSR is, the more significant that this effect would be. (2) Haze pollution persists for a long time, the haze pollution from the previous year may have a positive promoting effect on the haze pollution in the following year. (3) The use of a HSR reduces haze pollution by replacing traditional road transportation and promoting industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation. (4) The inhibitory effect of HSR use on haze pollution varies due to regional differences and variation in city size.

Does intellectual capital efficiency measured by modified value-added intellectual coefficient affect the financial performance of insurance companies in Ethiopia?

Insurance company managers and shareholders should be conscious of the effect of intellectual capital efficiency and its components on financial performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of intellectual capital efficiency and its components on the financial performance of insurance companies. To achieve study objectives Modified value-added intellectual coefficient is adopted to measure the effect of intellectual capital efficiency. The study adopted an explanatory research design with an arrangement of secondary data analysis via document analysis, quantitative approach, and deductive method of inquiry. Panel data was used with a sample of 14 insurance companies from 2012-2022. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed to analyze the data using STATA version 15.0. Econometric model estimation procedures and multiple regression assumptions were tested accordingly. The random effect regression result revealed that the value-added intellectual capital and its component human capital and capital employed efficiency have a positive significance association with financial performance. Whereas, relational capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency do not have a significant contribution to the financial performance of insurance sectors in Ethiopia. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and financial performance in the context of insurance companies in Ethiopia.

How ICT capital affects the spatial correlation of energy consumption-a new perspective based on spatially correlation network.

ICT has significantly transformed the traditional energy production and service methods, changed the correlation characteristics of energy consumption network, and contributed to the establishment of cross-regional, open, and synergistic energy ecological networks. In this paper, social network analysis (SNA), dynamic SYS-GMM model, and mediating effects model are employed to deliberate on the mechanism of ICT capital's influence on the spatial correlation of energy consumption from 2000 to 2019. Firstly, this study employs an enhanced gravity model to precisely delineate the spatial correlation network of energy consumption in China, further applies the SNA to analyze the network structural characteristics, and then uses the econometric model to investigate the influence mechanism and heterogeneity of ICT capital on the spatial correlation of energy consumption. The study demonstrates a progressive spatial correlation in energy consumption in China, with eastern provinces emerge as the center of the network, assuming the position of the "dominant player." Conversely, the central provinces act as the "bridge," and western provinces are positioned at the periphery, referred to as the "edge" of the network. ICT capital contributes to improving the energy consumption spatial correlation, mainly by stimulating green technology innovation, promoting industrial structure optimization, accelerating human capital accumulation, and reducing income inequality. As ICT capital expands, the eastern region becomes more preeminent as a network hub for energy consumption, the central region increases its dominance slightly, and the western region's marginal position does not change significantly. Furthermore, the presence of ICT capital significantly enhances the intensity of energy consumption spatial correlation more prominently for low-carbon pilot areas and high Internet level areas. This study guides provinces to fully utilize ICT capital to reach collaborative energy-saving goals, and promotes the breaking down of regional competitive barriers in energy systems to build cooperative energy conservation ecological networks.

Evaluating the influence of green growth, institutional quality and financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence by sustainable finance theory.

Financial stability is essential for economic growth because it fosters confidence and trust and promotes investment in green development. However, it is a dilemma for the world economies to create an equilibrium between financial stability and environmental sustainability. In the extent of these challenges, the present study aims at grabbing the link of financial inclusion to attain financial stability. Further, the present study investigates the association of institutional quality, renewable energy, green growth, environmental sustainability, and financial inclusion with financial stability. Two basic econometric models are applied that focused on the basic and interaction term outcomes. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) is analyzed to design an index for five proxies of financial inclusion. Additionally, the research inspected the interaction term of institutional quality and financial inclusion (FIN*INSQ) and determined the multiplied impact on financial stability in a separate model. This research employed the linear autoregressive distributed lag approach from 1990 to 2020 for long- and short-term dynamics. Theoretically, the research supports the sustainable finance and financial development theory. Hence, results showed that financial inclusion and institutional quality are positively associated with financial stability, while green growth, environmental sustainability, and renewable energy mechanisms are achieved through financial stability. Following our findings, the government should establish consistency between financial development and economic policies to maintain financial instability and ensure financial soundness. Furthermore, countries require viable financial institutions prioritizing green growth and institutional quality to achieve financial stability and long-term development.

Uncovering financial distress conditions and its determinant factors on insurance companies in Ethiopia.

The study examines the financial distress situation and its determinants in insurance sectors in Ethiopia. To achieve study objectives, revised Altman's 2000 is adopted to measure the financial distress situation. The study adopted an explanatory research design with an arrangement of secondary data analysis via document analysis, quantitative approach, and deductive method of inquiry. The study used panel data from ten insurance companies over the study period 2010/11-2020/21. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed to analyze the data using STATA 14. Econometric model estimation procedures and multiple regression assumptions were tested accordingly. The random effect regression result revealed that firm-specific factors (liquidity and profitability) have a significant positive association, whereas firm size significantly negatively impacts financial distress. While the random effect regression result also proposed inflation has a positive and significant association with financial distress. However, firm-specific factors (revenue growth and leverage) have positive and negative, respectively, and macroeconomic factors (Gross Domestic Product) have positive but statically insignificant to the financial distress situation of insurance sectors in Ethiopia.

Impact of Internet development on carbon emission efficiency under carbon neutral target: evidence from global 58 economies.

With the introduction of economy carbon neutral target policies one after another worldwide, the carbon emission reduction actions of economies around the world have become a hot topic attracting international attention. Meanwhile, the role of the Internet in energy saving and emissions reduction in economies around the world is also becoming more prominent. However, for now, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the impact and role relationship between Internet development and global economy carbon emission efficiency. Therefore, based on the availability of data, this study used the Malmquist index based on game intersection to measure and analyze carbon emission efficiency based on 58 economies around the world that proposed carbon neutrality targets between 2000 and 2019. The study used a spatial econometric model to explore the impact of Internet development on carbon emission efficiency. The objective was to provide a policy reference for high-, medium-, and low-income economies worldwide to achieve their carbon neutrality targets as soon as possible. The results of the study showed that carbon emission efficiency was closely linked to economic development level in economies around the world, that the gap between the development levels of high- and low-Internet-connected economies is gradually widening, that Internet development significantly improved carbon emission efficiency, that levels of economic and financial development played a mediating role in the relationship between Internet development and carbon emissions efficiency, and that the level of urbanization played a moderating role in the relationship between Internet development and carbon emissions efficiency. Exploring the influence and the mechanism of action between Internet development and carbon emission efficiency will contribute to early achievement of global carbon neutrality targets in all economies.

Digital inclusive finance, consumer consumption and high-quality economic development.

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and China's pursuit of the "double circulation" strategy, scholars are increasingly focusing on ensuring high-quality economic development in China. In this regard, digital inclusive finance and consumer consumption are of utmost significance. This study employs panel data from 30 provinces and cities spanning 2011 to 2020 to explore the impact of digitized inclusive finance on consumer consumption and high-quality economic development through a spatial econometric model. Our findings indicate that integrating digital finance with consumer consumption and economic development fosters high-quality economic growth. Furthermore, our semi-parametric spatial lag model suggests a nonlinear relationship between digital inclusive finance and high-quality economic growth, shaped like an inverted "U". Additionally, we examine the mediating effect of consumer consumption on the relationship between digital inclusive finance and high-quality economic development. Our results reveal a substitution effect between digital inclusive financing and consumer consumption in promoting high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is essential to promote the development of digital inclusive finance, harness its positive spillover effects between regions, and encourage an increase in consumer consumption to optimize the consumption structure, upgrade and adjust the industrial structure, and spur growth in emerging industries.

Health care expenditure and income in Canada: Evidence from panel data.

This paper investigates the long-run relationship between health care expenditures (HCE) and income using Canadian provincial data spanning a period of 40 years from 1981 to 2020. We study the non-stationary and cointegration properties of HCE and income and estimate the long-run income elasticities of HCE. Using heterogeneous panel models that incorporate cross-section dependence via unobserved common correlated factors to capture global shocks, we estimate long-run income elasticities that lie in the 0.11-0.16 range. Our results indicate that health care is a necessity good for Canada. These elasticity estimates are much smaller than those estimated in other studies for Canada. We find that HCE and income in Canada are cointegrated and that short-run changes in federal transfers significantly and positively affect HCE.

How does market-oriented allocation of industrial land affect carbon emissions? Evidence from China.

Industrial land serves as the fundamental basis for urban economic development and significantly contributes to carbon emissions. Effective market mechanisms are crucial for reducing carbon emissions. As such, investigating the impact of market-oriented allocation of industrial land (MAIL) on carbon emissions and its pathways is of substantial practical importance for global low-carbon development. This study constructs a theoretical framework examining the influence of MAIL on carbon emissions, focusing on 285 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2020. The spatial econometric model is employed to analyze the impact of MAIL on carbon emissions. The results show that: first, from a national perspective, MAIL not only reduces carbon emissions within a region but also in neighboring regions. Higher MAIL leads to more effective carbon emission reductions, which are persistent and hysteresis in time. Path analysis demonstrates that MAIL reduces carbon emissions by promoting industrial upgrading and technological innovation. Second, there are differences in the timeliness of carbon emission reduction effects in cities of different scales and regions. For cities of different scales, the carbon reduction effect of MAIL is more stable in large and medium cities compared to megacities and small cities, but in the short term, MAIL will hinder the industrial upgrading of megacities and thus is not conducive to carbon reduction. For different regional cities, the carbon reduction effect of MAIL is more stable in other regions except northeast region, and in the short term, MAIL will inhibit technological innovation in northeast region, which is not conducive to carbon reduction. Consequently, it is essential not only to design a top-level reform plan for MAIL in China but also to establish differentiated reform policies for MAIL, tailored to the unique characteristics of cities with different scales and regions, to effectively reduce carbon emissions.

Towards inclusive green growth: does digital economy matter?

In this decade, China has been pursuing an inclusive green growth strategy. Concurrently, the digital economy, which relies on the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, has experienced explosive growth in China. The digital economy's capacity to optimize resource allocation and reduce energy consumption potentially makes it a conducive channel towards sustainability. Using the panel data of 281 cities in China from 2011 to 2020, we theoretically and empirically explore the impact of the digital economy on inclusive green growth. Firstly, we theoretically analyze the potential impact of the digital economy on inclusive green growth using two hypotheses: accelerating green innovation and promoting the industrial upgrading effect. Subsequently, we measure the digital economy and inclusive green growth of Chinese cities using Entropy-TOPSIS and DEA approaches, respectively. Then, we apply traditional econometric estimation models and machine learning algorithms to our empirical analysis. The results show that China's high-powered digital economy significantly promotes inclusive green growth. Moreover, we analyze the internal mechanisms behind this impact. We find that innovation and industrial upgrading are two plausible channels that explain this effect. Additionally, we document a nonlinear feature of diminishing marginal effects between the digital economy and inclusive green growth. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the contribution weight of the digital economy to inclusive green growth is more remarkable in eastern region cities, large and medium-sized cities, and cities with high marketization. Overall, these findings shed more light on the digital economy-inclusive green growth nexus and provide new insights into understanding the real effects of the digital economy on sustainable development.

Econometric model of iron ore through principal component analysis and multiple linear regression.

Price of iron ore is affected by instabilities of microeconomic balance between supply and demand. Periods of equilibrium adjustment result in huge swings, growth or global recession. They also impact the viability of mineral enterprises and generate consequences to important global economic scenarios. This research aims to evaluate the market variables capable of influencing the price of iron ore through multivariate statistical techniques. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, booth multivariate statistical techniques were used. The studied variables were rate export of iron ore and concentrates from Brazil, steel production from China, steel production from Japan, production from Europe, steel production from the United States, steel production from India, steel price, coal price, China's Construction Gross Domestic Production, United States construction index, oil price and global oil production. First three components explained 89.12% of the variability of the data matrix. Multiple linear regression highlighted the significance of five variables. They are export iron ore from Brazil, steel production from China, price of coal, steel production from India and price of steel.

Green finance, energy structure, and environmental pollution: Evidence from a spatial econometric approach.

The adjustment of green finance and energy structure is gradually becoming a new engine that reduces environmental pollution in China. In this paper, the energy structure is introduced in the process of discussing the impact of green finance on environmental pollution. We analyze the spatial correlation of green finance and study whether the adjustment of energy structure is affected by green finance and thus affects environmental pollution using a spatial econometric model. The results of empirical analysis show that green finance among provinces presents a significant spatial agglomeration, improving the green finance, and the energy structure can significantly reduce environmental pollution, and there are significant spatial spillover effects. There is inverted U-shaped relationship between energy structure and green finance in the national space, that is, after the green finance is raised to a certain extent, with the level of green finance once more, the energy structure will gradually improve, and then, green finance drives the reduction of environmental pollution by improving the energy structure. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that compared with other regions, the improvement of the green finance in the eastern region has significantly improved the energy structure, and environmental pollution has also decreased every year.

MCMCINLA estimation of varying coefficient spatial lag model-A study of China's economic development in the context of population aging.

The dominant spatial econometric model in spatial econometrics is the parametric form, while in the realistic context, the variables often do not satisfy the assumption of linearity and have nonlinear relationships with each other. In this paper, we introduce nonparametric terms into spatial econometric models and propose the MCMCINLA estimation method for varying coefficient spatial lag models. The empirical analysis is conducted with the socioeconomic data of mainland China from 2015 to 2020 to discuss the influencing factors and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of China's economic development under the classical spatial lag model and the varying coefficient spatial lag model with population aging as a special covariate, respectively. The results show that with the gradual aging of the population, foreign trade will inhibit the development of regional economy to a certain extent, while urbanization process, resident income, real estate development and high-tech development will have a driving effect on economic growth, and high-tech development has the strongest mobilization on regional economic development. Compared with the classical spatial lag model, the varying coefficient spatial lag model can more fully exploit the information of variables in a more realistic context and derive the variable evolution process.

Research on the impact of digital economy on Regional Green Technology Innovation: Moderating effect of digital talent Aggregation.

The digital economy is crucial to promoting green technology innovation and development. However, there needs to be more research on the relationship between the digital economy, digital talent aggregation (DTA), and green technology innovation (GTI). Therefore, based on the data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China (excluding Tibet) from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses fixed effect, threshold effect, moderating effect model, and spatial econometric model to make an empirical analysis of this research direction. The results show that (1) there is a nonlinear relationship between the digital economy and green technology innovation (GTI). This effect has regional heterogeneity effects. In the central and western regions, the digital economy is more prominent in promoting green technology innovation (GTI). (2) Digital talent aggregation (DTA) has a negative moderating effect on the influence of the digital economy on promoting green technology innovation (GTI). (3) The negative spillover effect of the digital economy on local green technology innovation (GTI) will be intensified at the spatial level due to the accumulation of digital talents. Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should actively and reasonably develop the digital economy to promote green technology innovation (GTI). In addition, the government can implement a flexible talent introduction policy, strengthen talent quality education and talent service station construction.